米拉古城(Myra Ancient City)位于今天的德姆雷(Demre)区中心及其周边地区,建立在同名的平原上。该城市通过德姆雷溪西侧的一条便捷运河与大海相连。地区的海上运输和贸易通过运河另一侧的安德里亚克港(Andriake Port)进行。米拉古城以其吕基亚时期的岩石墓葬、罗马时期的剧场以及拜占庭时期的圣尼古拉斯教堂(圣诞老人)而闻名。

米拉城的历史可以追溯到公元前5世纪。我们可以通过岩石墓葬、吕基亚铭文和钱币了解到这一点。根据斯特拉波(Strabo)提供的信息,米拉是吕基亚联盟六大城市之一,在吕基亚铭文中被称为“Myrrh”。

根据拜占庭人斯特凡诺斯(Stephanos Byzantios)编写的关于古代城市民族起源和位置的综合词典,米拉这个名字可能来源于流经城市附近的米罗斯河(Myros River),也可能来源于古希腊语中表示“没药”(myrrh,一种涂抹于身体的芳香油)的词语。然而,这个名字的真正起源尚不清楚。米拉很可能是像特洛斯(Tlos)和帕塔拉(Patara)这样的当地词汇的变体形式,首次出现在吕基亚联盟铸造的钱币上(根据斯特拉波的记载,这是一个由吕基亚地区二十三个城市代表组成的普遍司法委员会,负责该地区行政决策)。

公元前2世纪是米拉见证巨大发展的时期。作为吕基亚联盟的大都会,许多建筑在吕基亚富人的帮助下得以建造和修复。在拜占庭时期,米拉成为宗教和行政方面的领先城市之一。其名声流传至今,很大程度上是因为公元4世纪圣尼古拉斯(Saint Nicholas)成为该城的主教,并且在他去世后被封为圣人,并以他的名字建造了一座教堂。

7世纪之后,由于地震、洪水、德姆雷溪带来的冲积物以及阿拉伯人的入侵,米拉逐渐失去了重要性。到了12世纪,它转变为一个村庄的身份。如今的遗迹包括卫城南侧裙坡上的剧场和两侧的岩石墓葬。根据研究,除了今天保存完好的罗马时期城墙外,还可以在卫城山周围找到追溯到公元前5世纪的希腊化时期城墙。位于卫城南侧裙坡的剧场展现了保存完好的罗马时期剧场的特色,包括座位排和舞台建筑。舞台建筑高达二层的一半高度。剧场两侧有浮雕或平面的岩石墓葬。

其中一座浮雕墓葬描绘了死者及其亲属,是米拉墓葬中最有趣的例子之一,这些墓葬是吕基亚人木屋建筑的最佳代表。此外,许多带有浮雕或铭文的岩石墓葬在岩石朝南的一侧排列或并排。在通往市中心的路上,靠近剧场的左侧有浴场遗迹,构成了罗马时期砖建筑的早期且有趣的例子。

城市的用水需求通过在德姆雷溪流经的山谷边缘雕刻的岩石渠道提供。米拉是吕基亚联盟中拥有三票投票权的六个城市之一,被称为“最耀眼的城市”,显示了其重要性。除了米拉的吕基亚联盟钱币外,特别值得注意的是城市的母亲女神阿尔忒弥斯(Artemis)以安纳托利亚最古老的女神库柏勒(Kybele)的形式被表现出来。公元5世纪,米拉作为吕基亚州的首府,由圣保罗及其友人的访问而建立,对基督教具有特殊意义。


您是否希望我们为您量身定制一个包括米拉古城在内的私人行程?受益于我们的专业知识。我们为各种兴趣和需求提供定制的土耳其之旅,包括浪漫的蜜月旅行、风景优美的自驾游、与经验丰富的摄影师一起的摄影之旅以及主要目的地的文化之旅。我们为您的土耳其之旅安排一切,包括酒店预订、机场接送、导游服务和一流的体验。我们希望您在土耳其度过美好时光,并确保您的旅行成为难忘的回忆,因为我们亲自陪同过许多土耳其之旅。想象一下,只需与一个人联系即可处理所有旅行细节,获得完全符合您旅行兴趣的定制行程和推荐。联系我们,让土耳其旅游组织者为您定制土耳其之旅的每日个性化行程。

Erkan Dülger

Erkan Dulger, a seasoned expert in the travel and tourism sector, has devoted more than 17 years of his life to planning wonderful journeys for people all over the world. Erkan has made a great career as a travel consultant and prosperous business owner. He was born with a deep enthusiasm for exploration and a desire to introduce people to beautiful places.

Erkan traveled to the United States in search of knowledge and practical experience, where he spent four years honing his craft while working at various hotels. He was able to better comprehend the complexities of the travel industry as well as the various demands and expectations of travelers thanks to this priceless experience.

Erkan had always dreamed of starting his own travel business, one that would reflect his passion for crafting extraordinary travel experiences. Erkan founded his own travel company in 2015 after realizing his dream via intense determination and strong faith in his abilities.

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