Aprendemos das inscrições cuneiformes dos assírios e urartus que o Castelo de Van, construído pelo rei dos urartus, Sardur I (840-830 a.C.), que estabeleceu uma grande civilização na região entre 900-600 a.C., foi a capital do reino mencionada por um século. O Castelo de Van, um dos poucos edifícios antigos do mundo, ainda está de pé hoje, embora tenha cerca de 3000 anos. O castelo tem 2850 anos (855 a.C.).

O castelo está localizado a 4 km a leste do Lago Van e a 5 km do centro da cidade de Van. O castelo, que se estende na direção leste-oeste em direção ao lago, foi construído sobre um penhasco de calcário, com 1800 m de comprimento, 120 m de largura e aproximadamente 100 m de altura. É íngreme ao sul e desce do norte até a característica topográfica. A saída norte do castelo de três partes é uma rampa suave de oeste para leste. A entrada do castelo fica no extremo noroeste. Logo a oeste disso está o Bastião de Sardur, com um plano retangular de 47 m de comprimento, 13 m de largura e 4 m de altura.

Ao subir pelo extremo noroeste do forte de Van, encontra-se a câmara funerária do rei urartu Argisti. Na parte sul do castelo, os quartos de pedra onde os reis viviam e as salas de túmulos cuidadosamente planejadas foram esculpidas na rocha. Durante o Império Otomano, essas câmaras funerárias foram usadas como armazenamento e arsenal. Ao ir para o leste a partir das câmaras funerárias de Argisti, pode-se ver o minarete, a porta, a torre de água e o bastião construídos durante o Império Otomano. Quase todos os edifícios otomanos erguidos sobre as muralhas urartus foram destruídos. Há câmaras funerárias chamadas "Fundadores" e "Salas de Túmulos de Menva" no sul da parte central do castelo.

Na parte sul do Castelo de Van, degraus de rocha desciam do topo até o tanque de água abaixo e eram chamados de "Mil Degraus" ou "Escadas do Diabo" pelos locais. Em direção ao meio da rocha ao sul do Castelo de Van, o Rei Fada Kserkes inscreveu uma inscrição em cuneiforme. Além disso, há muitas inscrições sobre as guerras dos reis, vitórias e obras realizadas em várias partes do castelo. Quatro muralhas cercam o Castelo de Van. Duas dessas muralhas pertencem aos turcos Akkoyunlu e aos turcos otomanos. As outras duas pertencem aos urartus. Dentro do castelo, há uma mesquita, madraça, quartéis para soldados e cisternas de água do período otomano. Durante a era otomana, o Castelo de Van foi uma das bases importantes. Evliya Çelebi fala sobre o Castelo de Van: Cerca de 300 janízaros e artilharia vivem no castelo interno. Soldados casados costumavam ficar nas fortalezas de partição na Torre Suluk. A Mesquita de Suleyman Khan foi convertida de uma igreja, palácios e madraças no castelo. É impossível alcançar as altas muralhas do Castelo de Van.

Após os urartus, não houve vestígios além da inscrição persa até o Império Otomano. As muralhas e torres do lado leste, a porta de entrada do castelo voltada para o noroeste, a fortificação e outras muralhas corporais, o Castelo Superior, a Mesquita de Süleyman Han e seu minarete, e várias estruturas feitas de adobe e pedra para fins militares são do período otomano. As principais muralhas, bastiões e torres que fornecem a fortificação foram feitas de pedra de entulho, adobe e pedra cortada. Essas fortificações de muralha formam a silhueta do castelo a partir do norte. Durante o período otomano, o castelo foi usado puramente para fins militares. A cidade principal foi estabelecida ao sul do castelo. O castelo sobreviveu até os dias atuais, pois foi destruído após 1915.


Gostaria que elaborássemos um itinerário privado para você, incluindo o Castelo de Van? Beneficie-se da nossa expertise. Oferecemos passeios personalizados para a Turquia para todos os interesses e desejos, desde lua de mel romântica e viagens de carro panorâmicas autoguiadas até passeios fotográficos com fotógrafos experientes e passeios culturais em destinos importantes. Organizamos tudo para os seus Passeios pela Turquia, incluindo reservas de hotéis, traslados de aeroporto, passeios guiados e experiências de alto nível. Queremos que você tenha um ótimo momento na Turquia e garantimos que sua viagem seja memorável, pois já acompanhamos pessoalmente tantos passeios na Turquia. Imagine lidar com apenas uma pessoa para todos os detalhes da sua viagem, recebendo itinerários personalizados e recomendações que se adequarão exatamente aos seus interesses de viagem. Entre em contato com o Turkey Tour Organizer para obter um itinerário personalizado dia a dia para sua viagem à Turquia.

Erkan Dülger

Erkan Dulger, a seasoned expert in the travel and tourism sector, has devoted more than 17 years of his life to planning wonderful journeys for people all over the world. Erkan has made a great career as a travel consultant and prosperous business owner. He was born with a deep enthusiasm for exploration and a desire to introduce people to beautiful places.

Erkan traveled to the United States in search of knowledge and practical experience, where he spent four years honing his craft while working at various hotels. He was able to better comprehend the complexities of the travel industry as well as the various demands and expectations of travelers thanks to this priceless experience.

Erkan had always dreamed of starting his own travel business, one that would reflect his passion for crafting extraordinary travel experiences. Erkan founded his own travel company in 2015 after realizing his dream via intense determination and strong faith in his abilities.

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